As a result, the activation of inflammation and fibrosis occurred due to mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by oxidative stress and the generation of reactive oxygen species32.Polyphenols have the potential to safeguard against NAFLD by diminishing lipid accumulation, serving as antioxidants, demonstrating anti-inflammatory properties, and enhancing insulin sensitivity33–35. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.