Similar to the lab-adapted strains, we observed six ISG-related DAPs (IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, OAS3, ISG15, and MX1) significantly upregulated compared to MOCK infected UNOs, upon infection with clinical isolates of PeV-A3, but not PeV-A1 (Fig. 5f). This evidence concerns the gene IFIT1 and infection.