Gene-set enrichment analysis was further performed to identify pathways altered upon PeV-A infection and demonstrated a significant upregulation (adjusted P value < 0.1, Piano) of IFN-α and IFN-γ response in PeV-A1 Harris, PeV-A3 152037, and E11 50437 infection (Fig. 3d, e). This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and infection.