TGFB1 and neoplasm: In preclinical studies, both the anti-CTL associated protein (CTLA)-4-TβRII chimera and the anti-PD-L1-TβRII chimera exhibited superior anti-tumor efficacy compared with their parent immune checkpoint inhibitors.972 Bintrafusp alfa (M7824), a bifunctional fusion protein targeting both TGF-β and PD-L1 was assessed in several phase 1 trials (NCT02699515, NCT02517398, NCT02699515, and NCT04247282).