CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Immune-related genes, such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4, have been successfully used in tumor immunotherapy and have been shown to have a significant effect on B cell lymphomas, HCC, and non-small cell lung cancer (Xu-Monette and Zhou 2018; Kamada et al. 2019), (Thommen et al. 2018).