ADA2 induces the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages and stimulates macrophage and helper T cell proliferation (51); CD14 serves as a receptor for M. tuberculosis cell wall lipoarabinomannan (52, 53); while LRG1 is a marker for neutrophilic granulocyte differentiation, which we have previously shown to be elevated in the serum of patients with pulmonary TB (21). Here, ADA2 is linked to pulmonary tuberculosis.