Serum samples were selected from the United Kingdom–based (UK-based) MIMIC cohort (Supplemental Table 11) and included individuals with pulmonary TB (TB, n = 32), HCs (n = 30) without risk factors for TB infection in whom latent TB infection had been ruled out by a negative IFN-γ release assay, and patients with symptoms suggestive of TB but with microbiologically confirmed ORI (n = 26) (Supplemental Table 12). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is pulmonary tuberculosis.