In this meta-analysis of 43 studies involving 5431 patients with resectable NSCLC, there was a significant benefit in event-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62-0.89; I2 = 0%) but not overall survival for patients with baseline tumor PD-L1 levels less than 1% who received neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy compared with chemotherapy. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.