TNF and serum lipopolysaccharide activity: • Decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-6)  production and inhibiting the overall inflammatory response,  which is a significant factor in sepsis progression• Enhanced vasodilation and blood pressure• Immune modulation• Vascular integrity improvement in sepsis• Reduce inflammation and OS in the gut lining to maintain gut  barrier integrity, potentially decreasing bacterial translocation  and endotoxemia in sepsis