TLR4 and limb ischemia: The role of TLR4 in ischemic muscle was studied with three aims: (1) to explore TLR4 expression and distribution in muscle biopsies from patients with CLTI, (2) to investigate the TLR4 pathway and functional consequences of TLR4 inhibition in myotubes derived from human muscle biopsies, and (3) to evaluate the therapeutic potential of modulating TLR4 signaling in ischemic muscle using a relevant mousehind limb ischemia model.