We found that the older AS patients had significantly higher median levels of plasma TGF-β1 (1.74 ng/mL [Q1, Q3: 1.20, 2.76 ng/mL], n = 16) compared to older patient control subjects (1.40 ng/mL [Q1, Q3: 0.98, 1.60 ng/mL], n = 11; P = 0.012] and younger AS patients (1.20 ng/mL [Q1, Q3: 0.97, 1.32 ng/mL], n = 17; P = 0.042) (Figure 1C). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is aortic stenosis.