ANXA5 and Miyoshi myopathy: To examine whether the cytotoxicity of RGD-IONP/CAPE in MM cells is due to the same mechanism of apoptosis as we discovered previously (Marin et al., 2019), using RPMI8226 cells as an example, we first performed a flow cytometry analysis on RPMI8226 cells treated with RGD-IONP/CAPE (at CAPE concentrations ranging from 1 to 30 μM), CAPE alone (30 μM), non-targeted IONP/CAPE (30 μM CAPE), and vehicle control RGD-IONP (at the equivalent Fe dosage to 30 μM RDG-IONP/CAPE) for 24 h followed by double staining of the cells using Annexin-V FITC and 7-AAD (Figure 5A).