NPPB and diabetes mellitus: In Table 1, prior to PSM, the midodrine group exhibited significant differences (p < 0.05), with the following characteristics: they were notably older, had fewer males, a higher proportion of white individuals, fewer black or African American individuals, more Asians, lower SBP, a higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease, a lower prevalence of cardiomyopathy, a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, elevated NT-proBNP levels, higher LVEF, lower prescription rates of ACEi, ARBs, spironolactone, and eplerenone.