Second, we profiled genes encoding 3 of the best characterized members of the galectin family (Galectin-1, Galectin-3, and Galectin-9), which have roles in both cancer progression and immune modulation (54), as well as Galectin-4, which was recently shown to be associated with immune escape in PDAC and capable of inducing T cell apoptosis (55). Here, LGALS1 is linked to cancer.