Moreover, and consistent with the findings in the acute DSS colitis model, chronic DSS colitis resulted in reduced liver pathology, measured by serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (Figure 1F), and fibrosis as measured by Sirius Red staining in Mdr2-deficient mice compared to untreated Mdr2-deficient controls. This evidence concerns the gene GPT and colitis.