This was different from the ataxia control group, which showed a significant increase in CD68 expression in the basis pontis white matter compared with neurologically healthy controls (P = 0.0443) (Fig. 8) and a significantly decreased expression of Iba-1 in the parietal cortex compared with neurologically healthy individuals (P = 0.0371 for % area; P = 0.0393 for number of cells) (Supplementary Fig. 2). The gene discussed is AIF1; the disease is cerebellar ataxia.