TGFB1 and Insulin resistance: In this study, we revealed that HIIT reduced fetuin-A levels in serum and kidney tissue, which was accompanied by the elevation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and IL-6 to IL-10 ratio, and profibrotic cytokine TGF-β, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia in the intervened animals.