However, we previously reported that NHE1 blockade with either its potent inhibitor HOE642 [49, 57] or global NHE1 knockout [58] almost completely attenuated the Ca2+ increase in cultured neurons, microglia, or astrocytes after in vitro ischemia, likely through blocking the reversed operation of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCXrev), which shall mitigate the Ca2+/CaMKII-dependent CREB activation. This evidence concerns the gene CREB1 and ischemia.