Recent studies have reported a specialized group of oligodendrocytes, termed “disease-associated oligodendrocyte” (DAO), that participate in phagocytosis and lactate shuttling functions which support white matter remyelination and axonal regeneration [41, 42] in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis [38–40]. This evidence concerns the gene DAO and neurodegenerative disease.