Results indicated that the expression of OPG and ALP in maxilla tooth extraction sites was significantly upregulated in the 100 mg/ml and 150 mg/ml ART-loaded TCH groups when compared with the T2DM group (p < 0.05), whereas the expression of RANK showed the opposite trend (Fig. 4B-D). The gene discussed is TNFRSF11B; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.