Moreover, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by Th1 like IFN-γ (Fig. 6D, F) and TNF-α (Fig. 6D) was significantly decreased (p < 0.01), while anti-inflammatory cytokines secreted by Th2, like IL-4 (Fig. 6C, E-F) and IL-10 (Fig. 6C) were distinctly increased (p < 0.01) in the 150 mg/ml ART-loaded TCH group than in the T2DM group. Here, IFNG is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.