APOE and diabetes mellitus: In NSHD, when compared to the non-APOE ε4 group, APOE ε4 carriers had a 6% higher LV MCF (95% confidence interval [CI] 0–12%, p = 0.050) which persisted unattenuated after adjusting for sex and SEP (p = 0.038) and diabetes (p = 0.056), was attenuated to 5% after adjusting for BMI (95% CI 0–11%, p = 0.064), CVD (95% CI 0–12%, p = 0.112) or hypertension (95% CI 1–11%, p = 0.081), and increased to 8% after adjusting for high cholesterol (95% CI 1–14%, p = 0.020, Supplementary Table S1).