LCN2 and acute kidney injury: Furthermore, NGAL has been associated with histopathologic kidney injury, loss of kidney function, dialysis, shock, prolonged hospitalization, and in-hospital death in COVID-19 patients presenting to the emergency department1 as well as disease severity, critical illness, AKI, in-hospital mortality, 6-week mortality,3,4,29,30 and subsequent RRT in non-critical hospitalized COVID-19 patients3,29.