Th2 also interacts with other cells such as eosinophils through IL-5; smooth muscle cells through IL-9; epithelial cells and keratinocytes through IL-13 and epithelial cells through IL-31, that drive the pathogenic characteristics of asthma, such as increased IgE, airway hyperresponsiveness, excessive mucus production, airway remodeling, and airway eosinophilia14. The gene discussed is IGHE; the disease is asthma.