Thus, here not only have we described that HuR is SUMOylated in human hepatoma cell lines, the MYC;Trp53−/− genetically engineered mosaic mouse model of liver cancer and clinical HCC samples, but we have also established its pathophysiological relevance by elucidating the underlying mechanism relating HuR SUMOylation to tumor progression. This evidence concerns the gene ELAVL1 and neoplasm.