The upregulation of AA levels in the striatum and cerebellum of Tat(+) male mice is not surprising as AA plays an important role in pro- and anti-inflammatory responses (Bosetti, 2007; Tallima and El Ridi, 2018; Wang et al., 2021), and chronic Tat and HIV-1 infection in the CNS increases inflammatory processes via upregulation of inflammatory mediators and glia activation (Hauser et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2017; Ajasin and Eugenin, 2020). Here, TAT is linked to HIV-1 infection.