Thus, we found that regardless of whether serum calcium was adjusted using a low (4 g/dL) or high (4.4 g/dL) serum albumin reference value, albumin-adjusted serum calcium would always be higher at the population level than in participants without NAFLD due to the significant decline in serum albumin in the NAFLD population. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.