INS and Alzheimer disease: They also examined various biomarkers and found that while some of their trajectories or patterns had changed, there were no apparent treatment effects on specific factors related to AD, such as plasma plasma Aβ42, CSF Aβ42, CSF tau, CSF phosphotau 181, hippocampal volume, entorhinal cortex thickness, MMSE, CDR, ADAS-cog, NPI, glucose, or insulin metabolism The authors advise caution when interpreting the findings related to the altered biomarker trajectories, suggesting that further analysis and consideration are necessary.