Through the gene expression analysis of the TCGA database, we found that ODC1 expression levels were markedly upregulated in multiple cancers compared to their corresponding normal tissues, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC), oesophageal cancer (ESCA), glioblastoma (GBM), head and neck cancer (HNSC), et al (Supplementary Fig. 4j)43. The gene discussed is ODC1; the disease is head and neck cancer.