Through the gene expression analysis of the TCGA database, we found that ODC1 expression levels were markedly upregulated in multiple cancers compared to their corresponding normal tissues, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC), oesophageal cancer (ESCA), glioblastoma (GBM), head and neck cancer (HNSC), et al (Supplementary Fig. 4j)43. Here, ODC1 is linked to cancer.