CD274 and neoplasm: Moreover, only 20–30% of patients are responders to ICI therapy11, highlighting a critical role of effective biomarkers for the prediction of clinical benefits and selection of appropriate patients; however, the presently developed biomarkers, such as PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI), have generally showed unsatisfactory predictive power12,13.