Recent studies have identified specific receptors in the heart and vascular wall cells that can be mucin-type O-glycosylated, and there is now substantial evidence confirming that patients with various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, myocardial hypertrophy, and vascular calcification, exhibit abnormal changes in GalNAc-Ts. This evidence concerns the gene B4GALNT1 and calcification.