Takata et al. investigated a cohort of PWH after 2 years of ART initiated during acute or chronic HIV-1 infection and found that the magnitude of CD8+ T cells specific for HIV-1 Gag, Pol, Nef, and Vif proteins positively associated with CA RNA and that high total HIV-1 DNA levels strongly associated with the maintenance of short-lived HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is HIV-1 infection.