The mechanism of SLPI expression level in the initiation and progression of DKD may be related to counterbalance the pro-inflammatory condition that increases the risk for DKD by attenuating neutrophil recruitment and phagocytosis, inhibiting the monocyte/macrophage response to endotoxins and suppressing the activation of transcription factor NF-κB (20, 21). The gene discussed is SLPI; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.