AVP and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: OSA may lead to nocturia by several mechanisms: OSA can lead to airflow obstruction, intermittent hypoxia, sympathetic hyperactivity, and changes in thoracic pressure, resulting in atrial and ventricular secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), stimulating water and sodium excretion, inhibiting RAAS and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release (40–42).