Next, studies have observed an elevated IFN signature in SLE patients (Baechler et al., 2003; Reynier et al., 2011), and the association of variants in ADAR1 (Crow and Ronnblom, 2019), TREX1 (Rice et al., 2015), SAMHD1 (Abdel-Salam et al., 2010; Ravenscroft et al., 2011) and IFIH1 (Rice et al., 2014; Almlof et al., 2019) genes to disease (Abdel-Salam et al., 2010; Ravenscroft et al., 2011; Rice et al., 2012; Rice et al., 2014; Crow et al., 2015). The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.