Across autoimmune diseases, a hallmark of its development is the loss of tolerance to self-antigens, with AIRE and CTLA-4 being implicated in SLE (Pullmann et al., 1999; Ahmed et al., 2001; Hudson et al., 2002; Lee et al., 2005; Cunninghame Graham et al., 2006; Lovewell et al., 2015; Montufar-Robles et al., 2019; Alghamdi et al., 2021). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.