WNK2 and thyroid gland papillary carcinoma: Next, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which is another signaling pathway that regulates a wide variety of essential cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and stress responses, is considered a main driving force for the proliferation of papillary thyroid carcinoma if mutations result in the activation of this pathway [9,10].