In addition, several genes with less frequent mutations, such as VABP, OPTN, VCP, UBQLN2, MATR3, TBK1, NEK1, C21ORF2, ANXA11, and KIF5A are also found to participate in the pathogenesis of partial ALS patients (Leblond et al., 2014; Chia et al., 2018; Brenner and Freischmidt, 2022). This evidence concerns the gene OPTN and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.