We hypothesise that relatively intensive CVD risk factor management in FDS2, especially the large proportion of our participants who were taking renin-angiotensin blocking drugs, contributed to the lack of a significant association in a cohort studied before the widespread availability in Australia of the newer blood glucose-lowering agents (sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists) with beneficial effects on HF. Here, GLP1R is linked to hydrops fetalis.