It is also likely that current and upcoming clinical trials will report on these types of outcomes, as the most well-validated clinical tools for CLN3 disease (e.g., the United Batten Disease Rating Scale (UBDRS); the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales) contain domains related specifically to vision, physical, and cognitive impairment [4, 5, 11]. This evidence concerns the gene CLN3 and Cognitive impairment.