AIF1 and Alzheimer disease: Because the AD-MSCs exhibited modulation of immune responses in the TBI-modeled animals, the status of astrocytes and microglial cells, at 21 d post-injury was probed by staining with antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic portein (GFAP) for astrocytes and ionic calcium binds adapter molecule 1 (IBA1) for activated microglia.