Furthermore, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) profiling of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data demonstrated that browning-related and lipolysis-related gene sets, including brown fat cell differentiation, fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain, were systematically downregulated in the iWAT of tumour-bearing GPR81−/− relative to WT mice (Extended Data Fig. 7a). Here, HCAR1 is linked to neoplasm.