In previous studies, parthanatos and its related components have been reported to exhibit anti-tumor effects [51, 52], For example, PARP1 negatively regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibits crucial processes such as tumor cell invasion [53]; AIF, as a cell death inducer, prevents the inactivation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by inhibiting its oxidation process, thereby suppressing tumor metastasis [54]. Here, PARP1 is linked to neoplasm.