Despite the false-negative effects due to low sensitivity for screening, the use of GA ≥19.0% would act as an alternative or additional tool to identify individuals at risk for diabetes, since 14 out of the 23 individuals with GA ≥19.0% but without HbA1c ≥6.5%, had in-hospital hyperglycemia requiring insulin therapy prescription and/or HbA1c levels within the range for pre-diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.