Additionally, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, and hexanoate, participate in the AD pathophysiological processes by mediating immune inflammatory reactions through the modulation of prostaglandins, T cells, and TNF-α (Gill et al., 2018; van de Wouw et al., 2018; Doifode et al., 2021). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Alzheimer disease.