STAT3 and cardiac hypertrophy: In addition, Ang II can induce Toll-like receptor phosphorylation of STAT3, increase IL-6 production, and continuously activate the JAK/STAT pathway, thereby providing positive feedback and promoting myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and ventricular remodeling (Chen et al., 2017a; Han et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2019b).