NFKB1 and breast carcinoma: Similarly, several preclinical studies proposed the use of DMF in different types of leukemia and solid tumors: DMF was active in AML differentiation therapy [57], inhibited melanoma growth and metastasis [58–60], blocked constitutive NF-kB signaling in breast cancer cells resulting in apoptosis [61, 62], and repressed tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer models [63].