In lung cancer, or HNSCC, the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis effectively promotes the recruitment of CD8 resident memory T cells and enhances the efficacy of tumor vaccines36. CMTM6, as a regulatory factor of the PD-L1 protein, promotes tumor growth through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby predicting poor prognosis in patients with HNSCC37. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.