IL6 and neoplasm: Furthermore, Kang and colleagues, in a study of 125 stage III/IV NSCLC patients treated with anti-PD-(L)1, found that low pre-therapy levels of serum IL-6 (< 13.1 pg/ml) associated with improved OS (p < 0.001) (Fig. 2A), with similar findings in subgroup analyses of patients with no/low tumor PD-L1 (Fig. 2B), or high tumor PD-L1 expression (Fig. 2C) [27].