IL6 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: In a recent study by Lambert and colleagues, low pre-treatment serum IL-6 associated with prolonged PFS (p = 0.011) in a univariate analysis of the anti-PD-1 inhibitor budigalimab in patients with advanced NSCLC (n = 40) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC; n = 41) [28].