Harel et al., using proteomic analyses of ~ 800 pre- and on-treatment plasma proteins and machine learning algorithms, developed a predictive signature that showed a trend of reduced OS in stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients (n = 143) treated with anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy based on the levels 2–6 weeks post-treatment of IL-8 and the chemokine CXCL10, along with two clinical parameters (age and sex) (Table 3) [31]. Here, CXCL8 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.