CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In the third study, although the post-treatment point was not specified, Shi et al. found that an increase in serum IL-6 (> 40% vs. baseline) after anti-PD-L1 alone or in combination with chemotherapy associated with inferior OS (p < 0.001) in stage III-IV NSCLC patients (n = 103) [25].