In line with these findings, in a small study of 11 patients with advanced NSCLC, Janning and colleagues found that all CTCs were PD-L1 positive upon development of resistance to anti-PD-(L)1 treatment, and that all responding patients had a decrease or no change in PD-L1+ CTC relative to baseline at the time of response (p = 0.001) [135]. Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.