Hwang et al., using machine learning to integrate clinical characteristics and peripheral immune cell dynamics in 239 patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4, identified that a low NLR and high eosinophil fraction at the time of the first radiographic follow-up, low NLR at 4 weeks, and the relative change in NLR at these time points compared with baseline were the strongest predictors of clinical benefit [91]. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.