TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: However, in the last 15 years, several new genes associated with ALS have been discovered, including TARDBP (transactive response DNA binding protein 43 ​kDa), FUS (fused in sarcoma), and a hexanucleotide expansion repeat in Chromosome 9 Open Reading Frame 72 (C9ORF72) [2].