For example, individuals with cystinosis (table 2) frequently reached kidney failure in childhood (median age at kidney failure 15·4 years [IQR 11·6–19·9]), whereas individuals with vasculitis, HNF1B mutations, thin basement membrane nephropathy, monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance, and membranous nephropathy typically reached kidney failure aged 65 years and older. The gene discussed is HNF1B; the disease is cystinosis.