HNF1B and kidney failure: For example, individuals with cystinosis (table 2) frequently reached kidney failure in childhood (median age at kidney failure 15·4 years [IQR 11·6–19·9]), whereas individuals with vasculitis, HNF1B mutations, thin basement membrane nephropathy, monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance, and membranous nephropathy typically reached kidney failure aged 65 years and older.