Regarding use of T2DM medication, those who used insulin or analogues showed the highest increased risk of invasive bladder cancer HR = 2.65 (95% CI 0.76–9.18), followed by those who used glucose-lowering drugs (excluding insulin) HR = 2.06 (95% CI 1.10–3.65). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.