Remarkably, we discovered that the global expression of EGFR and its phosphorylation activities at various residues, including serine (S) and tyrosine (Y) were significantly enriched in male GBMs, indicating activation of the EGFR signaling pathway, while female GBM patients were characterized by hyperphosphorylation of SPP1 (Fig. 4D, E). Here, SPP1 is linked to glioblastoma.