PDCD1 and atherosclerosis: By taking these confounding factors into account, we conducted both univariate and multivariate regression analyses, and these results confirmed that anti-PD-1 mAb with Fc-binding capability played a protective role in human atherosclerosis, compared to the group without anti-PD-1 treatment (RR = 0.41 (0.23–0.70), P = 0.00182; RR = 0.42 (0.21–0.77), P = 0.0067) and the group treated with anti-PD-1 mAb of non-Fc-binding capability (RR = 0.39 (0.20–0.72), P = 0.0033; RR = 0.31 (0.13–0.69), P = 0.0056) (Supplementary information, Fig. S11i, j).