PDCD1 and basal cell carcinoma: To investigate the differential chromatin accessibility of AS plaque-specific CD8+PD-1+ Tem cells (C3 and C5), we integrated our snATAC-seq dataset with the exhausted CD8+ T cells from basal cell carcinoma.60 Compared with CD8+ Tres and Teff cells (C1 and C4), both CD8+ Tex (tumor-specific) and Tem (C3, C5; AS plaque-specific) cells exhibited higher accessibility of +5Kb and –5Kb cis-elements of PDCD1 locus,60,61 and also higher inferred gene activity of PDCD1 (Fig. 4a, b).