In HCC, it has been reported the overexpression of PGC-1α5,31, one of the regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis that activates several transcription factors such as nuclear respiration factor 1 and 2 (NRF-1 and NRF-2, respectively), promoting the transcription of elements required for mitochondrial biogenesis32. The gene discussed is NRF1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.